Which additional instruments are required for night VFR flight?

For night VFR (Visual Flight Rules) flight, specific instruments and equipment are crucial to ensure safety and compliance with regulations. The correct answer identifies the essential instruments that enhance visibility and control during night operations.

The inclusion of an attitude indicator is vital because, at night, visual references are limited, and this instrument helps pilots maintain awareness of their aircraft's orientation and attitude relative to the horizon. This is critical for safe flight, especially in conditions where visual cues are reduced.

Pitot heat is necessary for preventing ice from forming on the pitot tube, which can occur in colder nighttime temperatures. Ice accumulation can lead to inaccurate airspeed readings, compromising flight safety.

Having position lights is imperative at night to ensure that the aircraft is visible to other pilots and to avoid midair collisions. These lights indicate the aircraft's position and orientation, allowing for better situational awareness for both the pilot and others in the vicinity.

Finally, the requirement for a landing light when carrying passengers is also crucial during night flight, as it enhances visibility for both the pilot and other aircraft, allowing for safer takeoffs and landings.

In summary, this combination of instruments and equipment not only ensures compliance with regulations but also significantly enhances safety during night VFR operations.